| 温室大棚该如何搭建呢？ |
| 添加时间：2019/1/16 13:54:01 浏览次数： |
| 1.大棚选地：设计建设温室大棚选地时，要注意选择那些地势高燥，大雨过后不积水，地下水埋深低于1米，排灌条件良好，土壤肥沃，土质松散，透气性好，土层较深，保肥保水性能良好，且背风向阳，交通方便的地段; 1. Greenhouse site selection: When designing and constructing greenhouse greenhouse site selection, attention should be paid to those areas with high dry terrain, no water accumulation after heavy rain, groundwater depth below 1 m, good drainage and irrigation conditions, fertile soil, loose soil, good air permeability, deep soil layer, good fertility and water retention, sunny leeward and convenient transportation. 2.大棚坐向：实践证明，日光温室应建成坐北朝南方向，并偏西(阴)3--5度为好。这样的方向，接受阳光时间长，光能利用率高。若因地形地势等原因，达不到以上要求，也应尽力调整，使之在偏西10度至偏东5度范围内。方法如下：中午12点至12点20分之间，在地面插一根垂直标杆，通过观察，选取其短投影，然后做其垂直线，再以该垂直线为准，偏阴5度画直线，所画直线，即为温室后墙方向基准线; 2. The greenhouse sitting direction: Practice has proved that the greenhouse should be built facing south and 3-5 degrees west (Yin). In this direction, it takes a long time to receive sunlight and has a high utilization rate of light energy. If the above requirements cannot be met due to topographic and topographical reasons, efforts should also be made to adjust it within the range of 10 degrees west to 5 degrees east. The method is as follows: between 12 noon and 12:20, insert a vertical benchmark on the ground, select its short projection through observation, then make its vertical line, then draw a straight line with the vertical line as the standard, and draw a straight line with a shade of 5 degrees, that is, the baseline in the direction of the rear wall of greenhouse; 3.大棚大小：温室大棚，其东西长50-70米比较适宜，若长度短于40米，则温室体积偏小，保温性能降低，遇到严寒天气，室内易发生冷害或冻害。若长度超过80米，则拉盖草苫的时间长，管理不方便; 3. Greenhouse size: greenhouse greenhouse, its east-west length 50-70 meters is more appropriate, if the length is less than 40 meters, the greenhouse volume is small, thermal insulation performance is reduced, encounter severe cold weather, indoor cold injury or freezing injury easily occurs. If the length is more than 80 meters, the time of La-gai-cao is long and the management is inconvenient. 4.大棚的高度与南北跨度：温室的高度与南北跨度，应根据当地的纬度来定。因为高度与跨度决定着温室采光面的角度，采光面的角度又左右着阳光入射角的大小。要保证阳光有较大的入射率，其入射角应小于40度。因为太阳光的投射率与光线入射角关系密切。其入射角在0-40度范围内，随入射角的增大，光线的入射率下降，但是变化不明显，当入射角大于40度以后，随入射角的增大，其透光率明显甚至于急剧下降; 4. Height and span of greenhouse: The height and span of greenhouse should be determined according to local latitude. Because the height and span determine the angle of the greenhouse lighting surface, the angle of the lighting surface also determines the size of the sunlight incidence angle. In order to ensure a higher incidence of sunlight, the incidence angle should be less than 40 degrees. Because the projectivity of sunlight is closely related to the incident angle of light. In the range of 0-40 degrees, the incidence of light decreases with the increase of incidence angle, but the change is not obvious. When the incidence angle is greater than 40 degrees, the transmittance decreases obviously or even sharply with the increase of incidence angle. 5.大棚的前坡面形状：前坡面(采光面)的形状，目前经常采用的有两种形式，一种为立窗型，即一立一斜型;另一种为抛物线型，也叫半拱圆或半弧型。这两种形式，后者为好，因为:一是抛物线型，其温室的采光面呈拱形，结构坚固，抗压力强;二是坡面凸起，便于用压膜绳压膜，可消除一立一斜型的温室，必须用竹竿压膜，用铁丝绑缚竹竽，造成孔洞多，保温性能差和室内滴水的缺点;三是抛物线型，其采光面透光性能好，阳光利用率高，特别是上午9点以前，温室增温快;四是抛物线型，拉揭草帘便利，且下雪时采光面上积雪少，便于清扫采光面上的积雪; 5. The shape of the front slope of the greenhouse: the shape of the front slope (daylighting surface), which is usually adopted at present, has two forms, one is the vertical window type, that is, the vertical inclined type; the other is the parabolic type, also known as the semi-arch or semi-arc type. The latter is better because: first, the parabolic greenhouse has an arched lighting surface, strong structure and strong resistance to pressure; second, the sloping surface is convex and easy to press film with film-pressing rope, which can eliminate a vertical and inclined greenhouse. Bamboo pole is used to press film and iron wire is used to bind bamboo poles, resulting in many holes, poor heat preservation performance and indoor dripping defects; third, the parabolic greenhouse has a transparent lighting surface. Good light performance, high utilization of sunlight, especially before 9:00 a.m., greenhouse warming faster; Fourth, parabolic type, easy to pull up the curtain, and less snow on the lighting surface when snow, easy to clean up the snow on the lighting surface; 6.大棚采光面透明覆盖材料：要采用透光、无滴、防尘、保温性能良好，且具有抗拉力强、长寿的多功能复合膜。比较好的有聚乙烯长寿无滴膜、三层共挤复合膜、聚乙烯无滴转光膜、乙烯-醋酸乙烯三层共挤无滴保温防老化膜、聚氯乙烯无滴膜等。 6. Transparent covering material for lighting surface of greenhouse: It is necessary to adopt multifunctional composite film with good transparency, dripless, dust-proof, heat preservation, strong tensile strength and long life. The better ones are polyethylene long-life non-dropping film, three-layer co-extrusion composite film, polyethylene non-dropping light conversion film, ethylene-vinyl acetate three-layer co-extrusion non-dropping heat preservation and anti-aging film, polyvinyl chloride non-dropping film, etc. 7.大棚后坡面角度与投影长度：日光温室设有后坡面，可显着提高温室的保温效果。并能提高温室的高度，增大采光面角度，利于太阳光的射入，还能方便摆放与揭盖采光面的保温覆盖物(草苫、纸被等) 7. Slope angle and projection length behind greenhouse: The greenhouse with back slope can significantly improve the greenhouse's thermal insulation effect. It can also improve the height of greenhouse, increase the angle of daylighting surface, and be conducive to sunlight injection. It can also conveniently place and uncover the thermal insulation covering (straw, paper quilt, etc.) of daylighting surface. |
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