| 技术： 大棚设施的搭建与养护基本知识 |
| 添加时间：2018/8/22 15:32:38 浏览次数： |
| 搭建 build 以普通钢竹结合大棚为例，棚脚入土到位。棚脚的入土深度一定要最少达到40厘米的标准。因棚脚边缘的土壤一般会因耕作而逐年下降，棚脚入土变浅，易造成大棚倾斜。 Take the common bamboo and steel greenhouse as an example, the foot of the shed is in place. The depth of the foot of the shed must be at least 40 centimeters. Because of the edge of the shed foot soil will generally fall year by year because of cultivation, shallow foot into the soil, easy to cause the greenhouse tilt. 连接杆扎紧扎牢。大棚的三道连接杆与骨架接触部位用铁丝扎紧扎牢，有的用竹竿做连接杆，会因竹竿干燥收缩而松动，应经常检查，随时扎紧，并应间隔2～3年更换1次，以防竹竿老化，大棚倾斜。 Tie bar tightly. The three connecting rods of the greenhouse are fastened with iron wire at the contact with the skeleton. Some of them are made of bamboo poles, which will be loosened due to the drying and contraction of the bamboo poles. They should be checked regularly and fastened at any time. They should be replaced once every 2 to 3 years to prevent the bamboo poles from aging and the greenhouse from tilting. 大棚支撑牢固。水泥大棚两端的混凝土支撑杆（即两根短撑杆）与连接杆对准，底部离第一副骨架的底部1～1.5米；两根长撑杆的宽度可与棚门相结合。为使大棚更牢固，可在大棚两端的内侧用毛竹搭成剪刀形支撑杆。 The greenhouse is firmly supported. The concrete support rods (i.e. two short struts) at both ends of the cement greenhouse are aligned with the connecting rods, the bottom of which is 1-1.5 meters from the bottom of the first skeleton, and the width of the two long struts can be combined with the greenhouse door. In order to make the greenhouse more stable, the scissors support should be built on the inside of the two ends of the shed. 养护 curing 及时扶正骨架。如地面不平整、土层厚薄疏松不一，大棚可能会向一端倾斜，一旦发现，应及时扶正。方法是：用3道绳索或者铁丝，把骨架从相反方向拉住，或用竹竿在相反方向撑住，逐步扶正。扶正前，先将相反方向骨架底部的土松开，以防用力过猛使骨架折断，扶正后再夯实。有的在轻质大棚骨架内每3～5架再斜绑一道毛竹，以防变形。 Timely support the skeleton. If the ground is uneven and the thickness of soil is not uniform, the greenhouse may tilt to one end. Once found, it should be timely corrected. The method is: pull the skeleton from the opposite direction with three ropes or wires, or support it with bamboo poles in the opposite direction, gradually upright. Before straightening, loosen the soil at the bottom of the skeleton in the opposite direction, in case the skeleton breaks with too much force, and then consolidate after straightening. Some in the light shed frame, each 3~5 frames are further diagonally tied with a bamboo to prevent deformation. 防止人为增加负荷。不要任意把扁豆、丝瓜、南瓜等攀缘果蔬牵到大棚上，否则遇到刮风下雨天气，骨架就难以承受，容易造成骨架裂缝、折断、倒塌。 Prevent artificial increase in load. Don't take lentils, loofah gourds, pumpkins and other climbing fruits and vegetables to the greenhouse arbitrarily, otherwise encounter windy and rainy weather, the skeleton will be difficult to bear, easy to cause skeleton cracks, fracture, collapse. 及时夯实棚脚。由于土壤本身在自然界中的涨墒、缩墒及雨水冲淋等关系，间隔一段时间后，脚洞边的土会自然形成空洞间隙，如遇连续干旱后暴雨，极易造成大棚倾斜、损毁，每年至少要对棚脚的脚洞进行2次填土。 Timely consolidate the shed feet. Because of the relationship between the soil itself in the nature, such as increasing, shrinking and rainwater, after a period of time, the soil near the foot hole will naturally form a cavity gap. If the rainstorm after continuous drought, it is very easy to cause the greenhouse tilt, damage, at least two times a year to fill the foot hole of the shed. 维护 Maintain 棚膜维护。在大棚使用过程中，注意不要用尖锐物碰撞棚膜，以免划破棚膜。万一棚膜出现裂口，可用黏合剂修补或用透明胶带修补。聚乙烯膜可用聚氨酯黏合剂进行修补。经常保持棚膜清洁，一般棚膜使用2～3年后必须更换，以免影响透光率，造成大棚栽培效益不佳。 Greenhouse film maintenance. In the process of using the shed, be careful not to use sharp objects to hit the greenhouse film, so as not to break the greenhouse film. In case of cracks in the greenhouse film, it can be repaired with adhesive or transparent tape. Polyethylene film can be repaired with polyurethane adhesive. Always keep the greenhouse film clean, general greenhouse film must be replaced after 2 to 3 years of use, so as not to affect the transmittance, resulting in poor greenhouse cultivation benefits. 棚架维护。钢架大棚应每年涂刷1次防锈漆，尤其应注意生锈部分和易生锈的连接部件。水泥大棚的棚架内嵌的钢丝、竹片露出，应进行打磨、包裹，以免划破棚膜。个别断裂的单架应及时更换，以免影响整体牢固性。竹木大棚和水泥大棚等还应注意拱柱、立柱等连接处的铁丝、螺栓的牢固性，并应注意防锈。 Scaffolding maintenance. Steel framed greenhouses should be painted 1 times every year, especially rust parts and rusty connections. Steel wires and bamboo chips embedded in the shelf of cement greenhouse are exposed and should be polished and wrapped so as not to break the film. Individual breakage of single frame should be replaced in time, so as not to affect the overall firmness. Bamboo and wood greenhouses and cement greenhouses should also pay attention to arch columns, columns and other connections of the wire, bolts, and should pay attention to rust prevention. 地锚线、压膜带维护。地锚线和压膜带如松动，应及时紧固或更换。 Maintenance of ground anchor line and diaphragm belt. If anchor lines and pressure bands are loose, they should be fastened or replaced in time. |
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