温室大棚蔬菜瓜果种植技术
首先,基质准备和定植。在连栋棚内做宽90厘米、长17米的栽培槽,槽深15厘米,基质采用植物秸杆或食用菌废料加上有机肥、尿素,充分发酵后,再加30%煤灰或蛭石混合。栽培槽基质厚度13厘米,耙平后覆膜待定植。早春栽培,2月上中旬定植;秋延后栽培,8月中下旬定植。定植前用300倍液百菌清沾根,每畦栽2行,株距35厘米,每亩定植2200株。
First, the matrix is prepared and planted. In the barn for 90 cm wide, 17 meters long cultivation groove, groove depth of 15 cm, matrix using plant straw or edible fungus waste, combined with organic fertilizer, urea, fully after fermentation, plus 30% fly ash or vermiculite mixed. The thicknesses of the culture trough were 13 cm thick, and the laminated film was undecided after raking. Cultivation in early spring, planting in mid-february; After autumn cultivation, the plant was planted in late August. Before planting, 300 times liquid bacillus was used, 2 lines of each row were planted and 2,200 plants were planted.
其次,整枝和人工授粉。当株高40厘米时,及时牵引植株,用塑料绳或棉线一端系在植株基部,另一端勾挂在离地面3米高的作物支架上,将茎绕在塑料绳上。当樱桃番茄生长超过作物架时,将绳放下,把茎固定在离地50厘米水平钢丝上,以防果实着地。采用单杆整枝,当侧枝长5厘米时,及时抹掉。生长中后期,及时摘除老叶、病叶,以利通风透光,减少病害。
Second, the whole branch and the artificial pollination. When the plant is 40 cm high, pull the plants in time. Tie the stem to the base of the plant with a plastic cord or cotton thread. The other end is to hang the stem on the plastic rope from a 3-meter high stand on the ground. When the cherry tomato grows more than the crop frame, put the rope down and hold the stem on a wire 50 cm above the ground to prevent the fruit from landing on the ground. Use a single rod to remove the side of the branch when it is 5 cm long. In the middle and later stage, remove the leaves and diseased leaves in time to reduce the disease.
最后,肥水和温湿度管理。定植时灌足底水。随着樱桃番茄生长,肥水供给逐渐加大。每次滴灌当营养液刚刚溢出时,停止滴溉。由于采用有机基质栽培,生长前期(3-4盘果以前),不滴营养液,当基部叶片开始发黄时,及时补充营养液,盐分浓度由1.5ms/cm逐渐增加至2.8ms/cm,ph值控制在6.0-6.5范围内。
Finally, fertilizer and humidity management. When planting, fill the bottom water. With the growth of cherry tomatoes, the supply of fat and water gradually increased. Every time the nutrient solution of drip irrigation is just spilled, stop the drip irrigation. With organic substrate, the growth plate of fruit (3-4) before, do not drop of nutrient solution, when basal leaves start yellowing, timely supplement nutrient solution, the salt concentration gradually increased from 1.5 ms/cm and 1.5 ms/cm, ph value control in the range of 6.0 to 6.5.